What?
This chapter talks about the social cognitive views of learning. There are so many behaviors we have learned by observing other people by them doing them first. It is by nature that we sometimes like to copy what others are doing. This chapter will explore the social cognitive theory, which is the perspective that can help us understand what and how people learn by observing others, and how, in the process, people begin to assume control over their own behavior.
With everything there are many different views. There are social cognitive views of reinforcement and punishment. The consequences have an effect on behavior only if learners are aware of the contingency. Learners form expectations about the likely consequences of future actions and behave accordingly. And with the learners their expectations are influenced by what happens to other people as well as to themselves.
There are many behaviors that can be learned through modeling. Those are academic skills, aggression, and interpersonal behaviors. However, modeling may affect behaviors by observational learning effect, response facilitation effect, response inhibition effect and response disinhibition effect. In order to help students learn from models we need to have their attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation.
Self-efficacy is a person’s self-constructed judgment about his or her ability to execute certain behaviors or reach certain goals. Self-efficacy affects behavior and cognition through choice of activities, goals, effort and persistence, learning and achievement.
So What?
I think everyone in the world needs to read this chapter. They need to realize that what their decisions are not only affect themselves but everyone around them. It amazes me when people do the stupidest things and think it doesnt matter what they do because it only affects them. From this chapter we learn that people like to copy what other people do either the good things of the bad things people do.
Now What?
Knowing that all the people are like this it is important as a future teacher to make sure that I am being the best example I possibly can be. Since you never know who will be watching you. Also it is important to make all my students to be good examples because there are so many people who look up to them. All the students and myself need to have a high self-efficacy. We all need to have certain goals that we want to teach.
Tuesday, March 10, 2009
Monday, March 2, 2009
Ch. 9 Learning Log
What?
In this chapter there are basic assumptions of behaviorism. The people’s behaviors are largely the result of their experiences with environmental stimuli. Learning can be described in terms of associations among observable events—that is, associations among stimuli and responses. Learning involves a behavior change, and learning is most likely to take place when stimuli and responses occur close together in time.
There is some classical conditioning which involves classical conditioning of emotional responses and common phenomena in classical conditioning. With in the phenomena there is generalization and extinction. When doing reinforcement in the classroom there are primary versus secondary reinforcers, positive versus negative reinforcement, importance of timing, and role of motivation.
The effects of antecedent stimuli and responses are cueing, setting events, generalization, discrimination, and behavioral momentum. We need to make sure that we try to reduce and eliminate undesirable behaviors. By doing that we need extinction, cueing inappropriate behaviors, reinforcing incompatible behaviors and punishment. It is very important to know how to address especially difficult classroom behaviors.
So What?
It is important to know the different between the different times of reinforcement and what punishment is. Teachers need to not always use punishment on their students. It works good if they use negative reinforcement more than just using punishment. Since reinforcement is the hardest to understand, so teachers need to be careful in knowing how to use it properly. Teachers need to take away something positive to help control their classroom behaviors.
Now What?
Knowing these different types of punishment and reinforcement will help me in knowing how to handle my class better. Teachers need to be careful in thinking that they should just always reward their students. If teachers continue to give their students rewards in order for them to do their homework, the students will not do homework without a reward. We as teachers need to be careful to not handicap our students by rewards. We need to have them see a reward by the grade they get and by feeling good knowing they did well.
In this chapter there are basic assumptions of behaviorism. The people’s behaviors are largely the result of their experiences with environmental stimuli. Learning can be described in terms of associations among observable events—that is, associations among stimuli and responses. Learning involves a behavior change, and learning is most likely to take place when stimuli and responses occur close together in time.
There is some classical conditioning which involves classical conditioning of emotional responses and common phenomena in classical conditioning. With in the phenomena there is generalization and extinction. When doing reinforcement in the classroom there are primary versus secondary reinforcers, positive versus negative reinforcement, importance of timing, and role of motivation.
The effects of antecedent stimuli and responses are cueing, setting events, generalization, discrimination, and behavioral momentum. We need to make sure that we try to reduce and eliminate undesirable behaviors. By doing that we need extinction, cueing inappropriate behaviors, reinforcing incompatible behaviors and punishment. It is very important to know how to address especially difficult classroom behaviors.
So What?
It is important to know the different between the different times of reinforcement and what punishment is. Teachers need to not always use punishment on their students. It works good if they use negative reinforcement more than just using punishment. Since reinforcement is the hardest to understand, so teachers need to be careful in knowing how to use it properly. Teachers need to take away something positive to help control their classroom behaviors.
Now What?
Knowing these different types of punishment and reinforcement will help me in knowing how to handle my class better. Teachers need to be careful in thinking that they should just always reward their students. If teachers continue to give their students rewards in order for them to do their homework, the students will not do homework without a reward. We as teachers need to be careful to not handicap our students by rewards. We need to have them see a reward by the grade they get and by feeling good knowing they did well.
Sunday, March 1, 2009
Extra Credit- Investigations Math
What is Investigation Math?
Investigations is a complete K-5 mathematics curriculum, developed at TERC in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is designed to help all children understand fundamental ideas of number and operations, geometry, data, measurement and early algebra. The Investigations curriculum represents the culmination of over 20 years of research and development aimed at improving the teaching and learning of elementary mathematics.
What were the results of its use in Alpine?
Oak Norton is a parent of a student in Alpine School district. Norton's concerns originated from the fact that Alpine School District uses a new style of math called "investigative math,"
He said the investigative math is a sentence for failure. The Alpine schools began using Investigations math, a "standards-based" program, in 2000. Since then, parents have been protesting its nontraditional approach to math instruction — which includes group work but a lack of textbooks. Alpine School district using the Investigations Math process only had 76% pass of their students pass the same test. Nebo was ahead of Alpine by 7%
What were the arguments for and against?
Investigations is a complete K-5 mathematics curriculum, developed at TERC in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is designed to help all children understand fundamental ideas of number and operations, geometry, data, measurement and early algebra. The Investigations curriculum represents the culmination of over 20 years of research and development aimed at improving the teaching and learning of elementary mathematics.
What were the results of its use in Alpine?
Oak Norton is a parent of a student in Alpine School district. Norton's concerns originated from the fact that Alpine School District uses a new style of math called "investigative math,"
He said the investigative math is a sentence for failure. The Alpine schools began using Investigations math, a "standards-based" program, in 2000. Since then, parents have been protesting its nontraditional approach to math instruction — which includes group work but a lack of textbooks. Alpine School district using the Investigations Math process only had 76% pass of their students pass the same test. Nebo was ahead of Alpine by 7%
What were the arguments for and against?
The "Investigations" math curriculum was adopted in 2000 and the district has heard complaints ever since. Some parents claimed the program gives too little emphasis to memorizing multiplication tables and learning long division. "There were strong advocates for and against the program," assistant superintendent Gary Seastrand said. "Those who were against it felt the system had made a central decision. There were parents and teachers who did not buy into it or like it."
Pro: Investigations Math removes teaching the times tables to children and all memorization of math facts.
Cons: "Children tend not to learn what they are not taught." Dr. Ralph Raimi
What is your opinion?
I think that investigation math can be good to a certain extent. However, that needs to not be the main factor of how the students learns. It helps students if they are well rounded in many different teaching technique. Most students don't all learn the same way so they need variation. It is easy to see that for the Alpine school district it was not the best descision they made when comparing their test scores with the Nebo School district. I think it is good that they are realizing that they need to change some things finally after so long. My parents were very upset with their students learning. I would be very upset if I was a parent as well.
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